USEFUL ADVICE to be followed in ESSAY-WRITING


1. LANGUAGE :

Check your spelling carefully.
Check your lexis for false friends.
Check your grammar :

do the verbs agree with their subjects ?
do the pronouns have clear and correct reference ?
do modifier clauses have clear and correct reference ?
have you avoided "dangling" participles ?
are the syntactic relationships between sentences clear ?
have you made balanced use of inter-sentence links ?
have you avoided "comma splices" ?
have you adapted your choice of sentence structure to the structure of ideas and the information processing ?
     (simple, compound, complex)
does your essay display coherence of tense ?
have you avoided interlanguage errors ?


2. STYLE :

Does your essay sound serious and academic, but not "stuffy" ?
Re-read your text to spot unwanted weak forms and conversational turns.
Balance active and passive verbal forms with regard to the theme / rheme structure.
Check sentences for unnecessary verbosity and complexity.


3. STRUCTURE :

Does your text start with an effective opener ?
Does it contain a clear thesis statement , topic sentence or topic paragraph ?
Is your thesis statement precise and limited, so that it can be argued for or against ?
Is there a clear, well-structured line of argument,
i.e. is it clear what you are trying to show, prove, or argue ?
Have you kept Grice's principles in mind, in other words :

have you said neither too little nor too much ?
is everything you say useful ? Have you avoided digressions ?
have you taken into account all aspects of the question ?
i.e. are there no "holes" in your argumentation ?
have you avoided hasty generalizations and misleading stereotypes ?
have you distinguished between fact and opinion ?
do your arguments support your claims ?
are your arguments logically valid ?
do your arguments lead to a "point" ?
have you avoided investing words with too "personal" meanings ?

Are your arguments arranged in a well-organised sequence ?
Are your transitions smooth ?
If you have used conjunctions, do they correspond to the logic of the text ?
Have you given your text a clear conclusion ?
Does the conclusion relate to, refer back to, or echo your initial thesis statement ?


4. OTHER :

Is your essay convincing ?
Does it "buttonhole" the reader and maintain his interest ?
Is the essay neatly presented, and easy to read ?
Are you personally satisfied with your essay, and even a bit proud of it ?


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ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
IMPLEMENTING BOLOGNA
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Université Libre de Bruxelles, Homepages Membres Corps Académique. Dernière mise à jour: 07.06.2007