Christian Van den Broeck: What we can learn from confronting micro-reversibility with macro-irreversibility


The microscopic laws of physics are reversible, while macroscopic laws are irreversible. By confronting these seemingly contradictory observations, Onsager was able to deduce properties at the macroscopic level, such as detailed balance or the symmetry of the Onsager matrix. In this lecture, I show that one can go much further along this line of thought, including dramatic illustrations such as the Brownian refrigerator [1], the universality of efficiency of thermal machines at maximum power [2], the microscopic definition of entropy production [3], and the work and fluctuation theorems in small systems [4].

[1] C. Van den Broeck R. Kawai PRL 96, 210601 (2006);
M. van den Broek C. Van den Broeck PRL 100, 130601 (2008).
[2] C. Van den Broeck PRL 95, 190602 (2005);
M. Esposito K. Lindenberg C. Van den Broeck  PRL 102,130602 (2009);
M. Esposito K. Lindenberg C. Van den Broeck  EPL 85,  60010 (2009).
[3] R. Kawai, J.M.R. Parrondo, C. Van den Broeck PRL 98 080602(2007);
A Gomez-Marin, J.M.R. Parrondo, C. Van den Broeck EPL 82, 50002 (2008).
[4] B. Cleuren, C. Van den Broeck, R. Kawai PRL 96, 050601 (2006);
B. Cleuren, C. Van den Broeck EPL 79, 30001 (2007);
M. Esposito C. Van den Broeck, arXiv:0911.2666